REAL and SCOPE: Evolution from Simulation Team Training to Leadership Curriculum Development for Residents and Fellows

Postgraduate medical training and post-training career continuing education in surgical subspecialty fields focus predominately on developing mastering technical expertise voluminous educational content, all of which are important necessary. However, there is limited organized learning leadership non-technical skills (situational awareness, teamwork, communication, task management, decision-making) for surgeons training, thereafter as attending faculty, to gain leading the OR team surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses during complex surgery. Aside from our simulation work skills, we started grew leadership, followership over past decade-plus. We advanced not only in-person professional assessments simulated performances case scenarios but also use audiovisual review with validated scoring (NOTSS, ANTS, SPLINTS). This led these tools assessing live performance (REAL) coaching (SCOPE) debriefings betterment individual professionals. Now, have a formal curriculum orthopaedic surgery residents their third year pediatric fellows (orthopaedic surgery, otolaryngology, plastic sports medicine, urology) throughout fellowship year. simulation, REAL, SCOPE amongst other technics, formative summative assessments, improve emotional intelligence. Over 5 years, now has been highly successful. Our medicine better equipped handle conflict, foster within across profession collaboration, diverse environments, build lead both daily basis time. increases patient safety, mitigates risk, leads outcomes. encourage others or similar institutions programs